If the market price of QSD is above the price target of $1, then there is an arbitrage opportunity by placing $1 of value into the system per QSD and sell the minted QSD for over $1 in the open market. At all times to mint new QSD, a user must place $1 worth of value into the system. The difference is simply what proportion of collateral and CEC makes up that $1 of value. When QSD is in the 100% collateral phase, 100% of the value that is put into the system to mint QSD is collateral. As the protocol moves into the fractional phase, part of the value that enters into the system during minting becomes CEC (which is then burned from circulation). For example, in a 95% collateral ratio, every QSD minted requires $0.95 of collateral and burning $0.05 of CEC. In a 60% collateral ratio, every QSD minted requires $0.6 of collateral and burning $0.4 of CEC, and so on.